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José María Sison (born 8 February 1939 in Cabugao, Commonwealth of the Philippines) is a writer and activist who founded the Communist Party of the Philippines and added elements of Maoism to its philosophy. Since August 2002, he has been classified as a "person supporting terrorism" by the United States. The European Union's second highest court ruled to delist him as a "person supporting terrorism" and reversed a decision by member governments to freeze assets.〔(IHT, EU court overturns decision to freeze assets of exiled Philippine rebel, Palestinian group ), ''nytimes.com''.〕〔(JAVNO, EU Court Overturns Two EU Terrorist Listings ), ''dalje.com''.〕 ==Early years== Sison was born in Cabugao, Ilocos Sur on 8 February 1939 to a prominent landowning family with connections to other clans such as the Crisologos. His uncle was Teofilo Sison, a prominent politician who was convicted in 1946 of having collaborated with the Japanese occupation forces.〔http://josemariasison.org/kinship-and-encounters-with-fvr/〕 During his childhood in Ilocos, he talked to his barber about the Hukbalahap activity, and unlike his relatives, attended a public school before entering Ateneo de Manila University and later studying at Colegio de San Juan de Letran. Sison graduated from the University of the Philippines in 1959 and studied in Indonesia and then returned to the Philippines and become a university professor of literature. He joined the Lavaite Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas as well as was one of the founding members of the Socialist Party and Movement for the Advancement of Nationalism. In 1964, he co-founded the Kabataang Makabayan, or Patriotic Youth, with Nilo S. Tayag. This organization organized youth against the Vietnam War, Ferdinand Marcos, corrupt politicians, Imperialism, Bureaucrat Capitalism and Feudalism. The organization also spearheaded the studying of Maoism as part of the struggle. On December 26, 1968, he formed and led the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), an organization founded on Marxism–Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought, stemming from his experience as a youth leader and labor and land reform activist. This is known as the First Great Rectification movement where Sison and other radical youth criticized the existing Party leadership, that was run under the Moscow leaning Lava and its failure. The reestablished CPP set its general political line as two-stage revolution comprising national-democratic as the first stage then proceeding to the socialist revolution. During this period, Sison went by the nom de guerre of Amado Guerrero, meaning "beloved warrior", under which he published the manifesto Philippine Society and Revolution.〔Guidote, Caridad. The Intellectuals and the Problems of Development in the Philippines. 1973.〕〔Amado Guerrero (1970). (''Philippine Society and Revolution ).'' Revolutionary School of Mao Tsetung Thought.〕 In December 2007 the Communist Party of the Philippines commemorated its 39th anniversary. Jose Maria Sison was confirmed to have given birth, at Barangay Dulacac at the tri-boundary of Alaminos, Bani and Mabini, Pangasinan, where the CPP "congress of reestablishment" was held on December 26, 1968, exactly at a hut near the house of the Navarettes, the parents-in-law of Arthur Garcia, one of the CPP founders.〔Cardinoza, Gabriel (2007). ( Joma Sison recalls birth of CPP in Alaminos ). ''Inquirer.net''.〕 Sison announced that communist guerillas held "cultural activities" and celebrated the 39th anniversary of the movement.〔(Abs-Cbn Interactive, Sison: 'Cultural activities' to mark CPP 39th anniversary )〕 After this, the old Communist Party sought to eliminate and marginalize Sison. However, the reorganized CPP had a larger base and renewed political line that attracted thousands to join its ranks. On March 29, 1969, the CPP, along with an HMB (Huk) faction led by Bernabe Buscayno, organized the New People's Army (NPA), the guerrilla-military wing of the Party, whose insurgencies around the Philippines, particularly in the northern part of the country, persist to this day. The NPA seeks to wage a peasant-worker revolutionary war in the countryside against landlords and foreign companies by hiding in mountains as strategy for protection. Sison was arrested during the Marcos presidency and was imprisoned for almost 9 years. His experience was described in ''Prison & Beyond'', a book of poetry released in 1986, which won the Southeast Asia WRITE award for the Philippines. The CPP has stated for 20 years that Sison is no longer involved in operational decisions and serves from Europe in an advisory role. In 1986, after he was freed from prison, Sison embarked on a world tour. In October he accepted the Southeast Asia WRITE award for a book of his poems from the Crown Prince of Thailand in Bangkok. While visiting the Netherlands three months later, he was informed that his passport had been revoked and that charges had been filed against him under the Anti-Subversion Law of the Philippines. Those charges were later dropped, as have subsequent charges filed by authorities in the Philippines. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jose Maria Sison」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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